Table 4 Models constructed based on the results of the multivariate analysis in the training set

Clinical model

N stage

0

Reference

/

1

1.36 (0.99–1.89)

0.06

2

1.04 (0.73–1.50)

0.82

3

1.46 (1.19–1.78)

< 0.005

Histological grade

I or II

Reference

/

III

1.38 (0.99–1.93)

0.05

Missing

0.83 (0.48–1.43)

0.50

Traditional MRI model

MR tumor size (cm)

1.37 (1.04–1.82)

0.03

Clinical traditional MRI model

N stage

0

Reference

/

1

1.33 (0.95–1.84)

0.09

2

1.01 (0.70–1.46)

0.96

3

1.43 (1.16–1.75)

< 0.005

Histological grade

I or II

Reference

/

III

1.31 (0.93–1.86)

0.12

Missing

0.83 (0.49–1.43)

0.51

MR tumor size (cm)

1.18 (0.84–1.65)

0.34

Multi–modal radiomics signature

US–intra–radiomics signature

1.48 (1.09–2.01)

0.01

US–peri (6 pixel)–radiomics signature

2.46 (1.63–3.70)

< 0.005

MRI–intra–radiomics signature

6.43 (1.60–25.82)

0.01

MRI–peri (2 mm)–radiomics signature

1.36 (0.95–1.96)

0.10

Multi–modal radiomics model

US–intra–radiomics signature

1.51 (1.08–2.13)

0.02

US–peri (6 pixel)–radiomics signature

2.44 (1.48–4.02)

< 0.005

MRI–intra–radiomics signature

49.08 (8.35–288.54)

< 0.005

MRI–peri (2 mm)–radiomics signature

1.51 (1.05–2.18)

0.03

N stage

0

Reference

/

1

0.73 (0.48–1.12)

0.15

2

0.86 (0.56–1.33)

0.50

3

1.31 (1.08–1.60)

0.01

Histological grade

I or II

Reference

/

III

0.71 (0.48–1.06)

0.09

Missing

0.84 (0.44–1.61)

0.61

Multi–modal clinical imaging model

Multi-modal Rad-score

1.31 (1.02–1.69)

0.04

Clinical traditional MRI model-score

2.22 (1.37–3.58)

< 0.005