Fig. 4

Pathways associated with the essential breast cancer metastasis signature. a Selected significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms [31] and wikiPathway [32] gene sets involving either the essential or nonessential set of metastasis-associated genes. Enrichment p-values by one-sided Fisher’s exact test. Some wikiPathways are slightly abbreviated, e.g., “Metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer,” abbreviated as “cancer metabolic reprogramming.” Pathways and gene sets highlighted in orange are featured in the pathway diagrams of parts b and c. b Pathway diagram representing genes involved in proteasome degradation [32]. On the left of each gene is represented the significance of differential expression in breast metastasis versus paired primary (based on BIG dataset; red, higher in metastases). On the right of each gene is represented the percentage of breast cancer cell lines in the DepMap dataset with low gene effect scores (< − 0.75). c Similar to part b, but featuring a pathway diagram representing core metabolic pathways [32, 55, 56]